Abstract The exposing and exploring of the language with the formal elegance and natural complexity has a very deep practice reasoning. It allows to develop the effective NLP programmes based on the formal models of the Morphology. Additionally, such language can serve as an computer's internal language and as a medium language between User's NL and computer. The Tatar is an agglutinative language with very complex but elegant morphotactics. It has natural complexity. Using the synthetic affixes one can generate wordforms with the meaning, that can be expressed by means of whole clauses or phrases in the languages like English or Russian. Thus, the Tatar Morphology is far more convinient for representing and storing the information compactly. The complexity of Tatar Morphology closely depends on the fact that the Morphemes added to the root word can converse the word from the nominal form to a verbal or adjective structures or vice versa. The paper contents the description of the properties of the Tatar’s Case system, which demonstrates its Formal elegance and Natural complexity. 1. Introduction The Tatar, as a Turkic language, has rich and complex Morphology. It’s an agglutinative language with very complex but elegance morphotactics. It has natural complexity. Using the synthetic affixes one can generate wordforms of the meaning, wich demands to encode the same meaning for the whole clauses or phrases in languages like English or Russian. So, the Tatar Morphology is quite convinient for representing and storing the information compactly. There are amount near the 300 word-linking and word-building Tatar affixes. 42 phonological rules, based on the low of the sound harmony describe the process of the generation of Tatar word-forms. The complexity of Tatar also closely depends of the fact that Morphemes added to root word or steame can convert the word from the nominal to a verbal or adjective structures or vice versa. 2. The Case system properties and analysis of the Tatar case affixes It’s known, that there is no general definition of the Case category, accepted by the whole of linguist community. In fact, each Tatar linguist defines this category in his own way too. One can notice the Tatar Case sytem consist of 6 (“classic school case affixes”), 8, 10, 11 or even 18 or more. 14 Case and Case-like affixes and the corresponding examples considered by the auther you can see on the Table 1 below in this paper. Here we consider the following properties related to the Tatar Case system.
Each affix has its specific location in the morphemes chain, common for all case affixes, and approprate meaning.
To verify this property we need a semantic model of lexeme to specify deep attributive and predicative parameters, expressed by lexeme on the surface level. When a Case affix attached (glued) to a Noun, the parameters’ values are preserved, while in the case of word-building affixes’ attachment new attributive and predicative connections are formed.
Here the denotate preservs its attributive and predicative connections. On the other side, a word-building, non-case affix changes the semantics: balyk - balyk+chy (‘a fish - a fish+er’).Here a fisher denotes a man, not a fish. New attributes, as clothes, fingers, hairs, two legs etc. as well as new predicates, as ones connected with work, education and moral, appear. The notion a fisher is connected with the notion of a fish just by some predicative connections, as to catch, to eat, etc.
(Here the directive affix -GA on the surface level is expressed according to the phonological rules {-ka})
There is no possibility to glue word-building affix -chy in the word sawyt+chy ‘tub-maker’, as the resulting sentence ungan+chy (‘skillfull+er’) would be meaningless.
It’s more common amongst linguists to consider the first three properties given above as the case properties. Moreover, some of the Tatar Case affixes can have additional properties. For example, they can: a) give “indefiniteness” to the wordb) be repeated, creating a new meaning c) have antonimy d) have omonimy e) have synonimy
Table 1
Obviously, the more properties we include to Case system, the less affixes we can consider like Cases one.
Stadies of Tatar morphemes held in frame of just few selected language categories - say, only for category of noun cases - leads to the fact, that we actually ignore many still undiscovered properties, which take place in text and speech. It’s especially importent for Tatar, where Morphemes added to ruled word or steame can convert the word from the nominal to a verbal or adjective structures or vice versa. It means that Tatar case system demands to be attentive to the affixes as a most important part of the language. More information on the Tatar case properties and Tatar morphemes model, reflecting a morphemes characteristics hierarchy, their relationship and behaviour on various language levels one can see in [1]. Reference
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